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Trend
of poultry meat production distribution in China in 2004
In 2003, the output of large-scale meat poultry production enterprises
accounted for about 46% of total meat poultry output while the output
of meat poultry accounted for about 26%~30% to total meat output in
China. Of which, 80% were broiler.
Recently, the north China rural investigation showed that the number
of medium- and small-size rural households (raising less than 5000
birds) raising broilers was reducing, but the number of bird (annual
marketed bird exceeding 10,000 bird) per rural household is increasing.
BOABC held the view that it might be possible that China’s broiler
production distribution is transferred to small companies, and the
number of broilers raised by specialized rural household will continue
to increase. The reasons are as follows:
① At present, poultry industry is low profit industry in China. The
state own newly built chicken farms have very high investment, with
high feed cost price, which makes the price of breeding chicken too
high. During the SARS period, and the period of high soybean meal
price, large enterprises are deficit in general; while medium-size
and small-size enterprises had to sell broilers in surrounding areas
or reduce broiler population to reduce such losses.
② Due to the drop of broiler profit in export, broiler slaughter enterprises
basically took domestic marketing as the main business, while the
risk of large-scale broiler enterprises had increased, and gradually
the situation will turn to medium-size and small-size as the major
producer of broilers.
At present, the large-size boiler producing enterprises with state
investment as the major investment pattern have transferred the mechanism,
such as the Zhucheng Foreign Trade Company, Shanghai Dajiang and Guangdong
Wenshi Group. The organization pattern has gradually transferred to
“Company + Rural Household” or the production pattern of husbandry
cooperatives, which mainly provide service such as breeding chicken,
hatchery, feed processing, etc. The rural household will share the
market risks. The company undertakes integrated operation and will
buy back the product for unified marketing and the profit will be
gained from the selling of deep processed broilers.
③ In grain producing areas, specialized poultry raising rural households
combine adjacent rural households to form small areas of integrated
husbandry, sign husbandry contract with the slaughter company and
form integrate operation models consisted of medium- and small-size
rural households. This can not only reduce cost but also guarantee
the quality. This will become the major channel of market broiler
supply in 2004.
④ Due to the demand of environment protection and disease control,
large-size cities and suburbs will quit meat poultry production. The
policy of urban “vegetable basket” project will change. The original
designed pattern of solving urban non-staple food supply will be shifted
to regulating market as the main factor. The quantity of inter-provincial
transport or import meat poultry will increase and North China, Northeast
China and Southwest China will become major meat poultry producing
bases
Source: Feed Fair, No. 1, 2004, p. 49
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