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Current Situation
and Development Orientation of Pig Industry in China
1. Pig population and production level:
Since 1949, pig industry has had very rapid development in China.
Especially in recent 10 years, the development of pig industry advanced
by leaps and bounds. At present, China has become number one pork
producing country in the world, and the per capita output has exceeded
the world average level. In 1989, the total pork output reached 1.228
million tons (accounting for 80.76% of total meat output), with a
per capita output of 19.2 kg. In 1992, the total pork output reached
6.353 million tons, accounting for 76.82% of total meat output.
The level of pig production in China has increased
very rapidly in recent years. On one hand, it demonstrates in the
improvement of marketing rate and average carcass weight (Table 1-1).
On the other hand, China has realized historical turnover in pig production.
In recent years, pig production has shifted from rural household side
occupation to large-scale intensive commercial pig production, with
the latter occupying the dominant position. A batch of modernized
pig production units has occupied an important position. China has
established a batch of commercial lean type pig producing bases. And
a batch of modernized pig production farms has been put into production.
The production level has reached the advanced level of the world.
These quality changes have laid a solid foundation for Chinese pig
industry towards modernization.
In spite of this, there is still a big gap of overall level of pig
production between China and the developed countries. The marketing
rate (95.1% in 1992) of pig industry in China had not reached the
world average level 105% in 1988). It is far from the level of the
advanced pig producing countries in the world. In 1988, China’s pig
population at hand was 7.28 times of that in the U.S., in other words,
the pork produced by 2 slaughtered pigs in China was equal to that
produced by 1 slaughtered pig in the U.S. we must do all we can do
to catch up and shoulder heavy responsibilities.
2. Development orientation in the future:
① Pig production in China will still rank number
one: The main aim of animal husbandry is to produce animal food for
human beings. In 1993, China had a total meat output of 36.2 million
tons, with a per capita meat output of 31 kg; a total poultry egg
output of 10.91 million tons, with a per capita poultry egg output
of 9.3 kg; a total dairy output of 6 million tons, with a per capita
dairy output of about 5 kg; a total aquatic product output of 17 million
tons, with a per capita aquatic product output of 14.7 kg. China has
an irrational internal animal husbandry structure, with very low proportion
of dairy products. In meat, the proportion of beef, mutton and chicken
meat is also low and needs readjustment. However, pig production will
occupy the first position. According to forecasting (“Pig International”
Vol. 23 (6), 1993) , in 2000, the composition of meat products in
the world was as follows: pork 41%, poultry meat 28%, beef 27% and
the rest is other kinds of meat. The world total meat consumption
would be increased from 0.183 billion tons in 1992 to 0.207 billion
tons in the beginning of next century. Of which, the demand of pork
will be increased from 72 million tons to 85 million tons. Eating
pork has several thousand years of history for the Chinese people
(with the exception of few minority nationalities), therefore port
supply will continue to occupy the first place among other kinds of
meat. The population total efficiency of feed protein to transfer
into protein readily available for human beings are as follows: milk
23%, chicken meat 20%, egg 16%, lamb meat 3%. From this statistical
data, we can see that milk has the highest conversion rate. In meat,
the conversion rate of chicken is the highest, but the taste of chicken
meat is poor, with low digestibility (50%), while the conversion rate
of pork is significantly higher than those of beef and lamb meat.
From this we can see that it has its theoretic basis and is reasonable
for pork to occupy number one in China and in the world. We must not
loosen pork production and pig industry will continue to develop.
② Pig industry will develop toward the orientation
of modernization because it has low production cost, is beneficial
to the combination of agricultural and animal husbandry, therefore
it will continue to exist in a relatively long period of time in the
future. However, the labor productivity of pig husbandry as a side
occupation in rural households is low and has no large-scale efficiency.
It is not favorable to adopt advanced techniques and socialized services.
From the development point-of-view, it will be inevitably replaced
by modernized pig production. Modernized pig production will be no
longer a side occupation but an independent specialized industry,
which has certain scale, adopts intensive production mode, therefore,
it has high labor productivity, can absorb and apply advanced science
and technology, facilitates socialized services and can increase production
level and gain large-scale efficiency. The specialized rural households
of pig production in China have developed from scratch, from few to
numerous. The scale is increasing and production level and economic
benefits are continuously improved. They are the main body for pig
industry development towards the orientation of modernization.
③ Rely on science and technology and increase production
level: We shall use for reference the advanced and modernized pig
production experience of the advanced countries by relying on science
and technology. First, we must insist on breeding excellent pig breeds
(lines), adopt economic crossing, and make full use of hybrid vigor.
Therefore, we must establish a hybrid reproductive matching system.
In this system, we must focus on maintain and utilize the excellent
characters of high productivity and pork quality of the native pig
breeds in China. Second, we must popularize complete feed husbandry.
We must extend various kinds of premixes, condensed feed, complete
compound feed so as to improve pig production level and feed conversion
rate according to the actual condition in China. Third, we must improve
pig raising conditions and production management technology, including
pig house remolding and all-in and all-out modern pig production technology.
Four, we must attach importance to vaccination hygiene and environment
production. The focus of large-scale and intensive pig disease control
is infectious diseases and parasites. Animal production industry has
polluted environment; pig farms cause two thirds of such cases. Therefore,
pig farms must pay great attention to environment pollution problems.
To consider the issue from the point-of-view of disease control, environment
protection and combination of crop industry with animal husbandry,
it is not appropriate to build too many pig farms with a capacity
of raising 10000 pigs. We must develop intensive pig farm of appropriate
scales.
Source: http://yzzzz.com
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