2 Management
System
2.1 Organization
According to relevant Chinese laws and regulations, currently there
are three governmental bodies involved in animal health, animal
and plant protection and food safety¡ªGeneral Administration of Quality
Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People¡¯s Republic
of China (AQSIQ) , Ministry of Agriculture (MOA) and Ministry of
Health.
2.1.1 General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection
and Quarantine of the People¡¯s Republic of China (AQSIQ). AQSIQ
is a ministerial body directly under the State Council, merged by
the former State Administration for Entry-Exit
Inspection and Quarantine of the People¡¯s Republic of China and
State Administration for Quality, Technology Supervision of the
People¡¯s Republic of China in April 2001. The scope of responsibility
of AQSIQ mainly covers national quality supervision, equipment calibration,
entry-exit commodity inspection, entry-exit sanitary quarantine,
entry-exit quarantine of animals and plants, certification and accreditation,
standardization, etc. There are 15 departments under AQSIQ, excluding
the two institutions, Certification and Accreditation Administration
of the People¡¯s Republic of China and Standardization Administration
Committee of the People¡¯s Republic of China, respectively responsible
for the integration, coordination and supervision of certification
and accreditation, and standardization.
Currently AQSIQ has set up 35 CIQ bureaus and several Quality and
Technology Supervision bureaus , whose operations, personnel and
properties are in its vertical integration. Under the 35 bureaus,
there are 282 branches and 281 offices, mainly located in different
ports and goods distributing centers across the country. AQSIQ has
452 laboratories, 10,000 sets of inspection and quarantine equipment,
and a staff population of around 35,000, among whom 2,700 are full-time
official veterinarians and about 6,000 are responsible for entry-exit
quarantine and quality inspection of animals and animal products,
issuing health certificates and supervision and control of food
processing plants producing products for export.
2.1.2 Certification and Accreditation Administration of the People¡¯s
Republic of China (CNCA) is established by the State Council, and
is authorized by the State Council to exercise administrative responsibilities
by undertaking unified management, supervision and overall coordination
of certification and accreditation activities across the country.
2.1.3 Ministry of Agriculture (MOA)
Bureau of Animal Production and Health is a department under the
Ministry of Agriculture responsible for animal health and veterinary
public health in China. Its scope of responsibility includes animal
disease prevention and diagnosis, epidemic control and notification,
veterinary drug management, residue control, quarantine of livestock
and poultry and their products, etc. It also exerts control and
guidance on the work of animal production and health bureaus at
provincial levels, which are responsible for animal disease prevention
and diagnosis, epidemic control and notification, veterinary drug
management, residue control, quarantine of livestock and poultry
and their products at local levels.
There are four national veterinary research institutes across the
country, namely, Institute of Animal Quarantine of MOA,
Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Shanghai Verminosis Research
Institute, Lanzhou Veterinary Institute. The latter three belong
to China Academy of Agricultural Sciences. There are also many provincial
veterinary research institutes that constitute a network conducting
studies on pathogenic control of animal diseases, etc.
2.1.4 Ministry of Health
The Ministry of Health, under which there are health supervision
centers, health administrative departments at county level and above
and China CDC, is accountable for the State Council. Health supervision
centers are administrative, executive bodies, while China CDC is
responsible for technical support. There are about 100,000 food
supervisors and over 200,000 food inspectors within the entry border
food supervision services under the Ministry of Health.
2.2 Object and Scope of Import and Export Food Safety Control
2.2.1 Object¡ªwhat needs to be controlled
2.2.1.1 Harmful existences: pathogenic microbes, pests (celozoic
and ectozoic
parasites, insects), weeds and other harmful substances.
2.2.1.2 Residues: pesticides and veterinary drug residues, heavy
metal, chemical toxins, toxic substances, trace elements, etc.
2.2.1.3 Novel Foods: GMOs, growth promoters, health-care products,
special nutrients, etc.
2.2.2 Scope of Food Safety Control
Scope¡ªthe whole supply chain including Production, Processing, Storage,
Transportation, and Distribution
2.2.2.1 Production
2.2.2.2 Processing
2.2.2.3 Storage
2.2.2.4 Transportation
2.2.2.5 Distribution or Import & Export
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